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July
04 |
| 1972 |
Agreement between North and South Korea |
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On this day, secret talks between North and South Korean officials led to a joint declaration that both sides would seek to develop a dialogue aimed at unification. These events, rather than weakening the South, stimulated renewed defense measures and were probably counterproductive. They also influenced the formation of a harder political order in the South. By the spring of 1973 this effort had dissolved in acrimony, although sporadic discussions on unification were held throughout the 1980s. |
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| 1962 |
Burma Socialist Program Party formed |
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The Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP), which formed on this day, has been the only legal political party in Burma since 1964. The BSPP was formed by the military-led Revolutionary Council, following Ne Win's coup. |
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| 1946 |
Formal independence granted to the Philippines |
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On this day, after the defeat of the Communist-led Hukbalahap (the World War II anti-Japanese force), the Unites States made a formal declaration for independence of the Philippines. The United States demanded the retention of major military bases and business citizenship for Americans trading there. |
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| 1871 |
Tsarist forces take Chinese Ili Valley |
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On this day, Russian adjunct general Kaufman, the governor general of Russian Turkestan, invaded Chinese territory and took over the Ili Valley with 2,000 forces. The Russians used the capture as a negotiating tool with the Chinese to establish trading interests in their favor. |
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| 1868 |
Battle of Ueno |
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The last forces of Japan's Tokugawa Shogunate were defeated at the Battle of Ueno on this day in 1868, completing the Meiji Restoration. Tokugawa shoguns, or warrior rulers, had ruled Japan since 1603. The Meiji Restoration successfully restored the emperor as head of government, responsive to a deliberative assembly. The Battle of Ueno was fought in the city Edo, which was renamed Tokyo (meaning "eastern capital") later that year. |
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